5.1 Participant experience7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, Q1–Q6, 21, 22
5.2 Study operations5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, Q1–Q6, 22, 23, 24, 25, 39, 40, 64
5.3 Randomisation & adaptive designs26, 27, 28, 29
5.4 Data acquisition & integration20, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35
5.5 Data spine & interoperability36, 37, 38, 60
5.6 AI-enabled participant support47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53
5.7 Researcher & clinician tools3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 41, 44, 52, 62, 62b
5.8 Secure analysis environment54, 55, 56, 57
5.9 Clinical safety & safeguarding11, 21, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46
5.10 Trust fabric1, 58, 59, 60, 61
§8 Service levels · §7 SDLC46, 63, 64